","description":"No title element.","url":"/audit/topical-content/131-missing-title","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Empty <title>","description":"Title element present but empty.","url":"/audit/topical-content/132-empty-title","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Duplicate titles across pages","description":"Same title on many pages.","url":"/audit/topical-content/133-duplicate-titles-across-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title too long (truncated)","description":"Title exceeds display width.","url":"/audit/topical-content/134-title-too-long-truncated","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title too short / non-descriptive","description":"One or two generic words.","url":"/audit/topical-content/135-title-too-short-non-descriptive","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple <title> tags","description":"More than one title element.","url":"/audit/topical-content/136-multiple-title-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title doesn’t match content/intent","description":"Title misrepresents the page.","url":"/audit/topical-content/137-title-doesn-t-match-content-intent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Keyword-stuffed title","description":"Repeated/over-optimised keywords.","url":"/audit/topical-content/138-keyword-stuffed-title","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title is just brand on a content page","description":"Brand-only title on an article.","url":"/audit/topical-content/139-title-is-just-brand-on-a-content-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing meta description","description":"No meta description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/140-missing-meta-description","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Duplicate meta descriptions","description":"Same description site-wide.","url":"/audit/topical-content/141-duplicate-meta-descriptions","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta description too long","description":"Description truncated in SERP.","url":"/audit/topical-content/142-meta-description-too-long","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta description too short","description":"Minimal description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/143-meta-description-too-short","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta description doesn’t summarise page","description":"Off-topic description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/144-meta-description-doesn-t-summarise-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple meta description tags","description":"More than one description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/145-multiple-meta-description-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta keywords tag present","description":"Obsolete keywords meta in use.","url":"/audit/topical-content/146-meta-keywords-tag-present","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing <meta charset>","description":"No charset declaration.","url":"/audit/topical-content/147-missing-meta-charset","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing viewport meta","description":"No responsive viewport.","url":"/audit/topical-content/148-missing-viewport-meta","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Invalid elements closing <head> early","description":"Stray tags terminate the head prematurely.","url":"/audit/topical-content/149-invalid-elements-closing-head-early","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing <h1>","description":"No top-level heading.","url":"/audit/topical-content/150-missing-h1","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple <h1> tags","description":"Several h1s.","url":"/audit/topical-content/151-multiple-h1-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Empty heading tags","description":"Headings with no text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/152-empty-heading-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Skipped heading levels","description":"h1→h3 with no h2.","url":"/audit/topical-content/153-skipped-heading-levels","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Vague headings","description":"Headings that don’t describe their section.","url":"/audit/topical-content/154-vague-headings","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Headings used for styling","description":"Heading tags chosen for size, not structure.","url":"/audit/topical-content/155-headings-used-for-styling","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Heading text duplicated across pages","description":"Same headings everywhere.","url":"/audit/topical-content/156-heading-text-duplicated-across-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Question heading with no direct answer","description":"A question heading not followed by a concise answer.","url":"/audit/topical-content/157-question-heading-with-no-direct-answer","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Incoherent heading outline","description":"Headings don’t form a logical outline.","url":"/audit/topical-content/158-incoherent-heading-outline","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Thin content","description":"Very little substantive content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/159-thin-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Commodity content","description":"Restates common knowledge with no unique angle.","url":"/audit/topical-content/160-commodity-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Low information gain vs competitors","description":"Content largely overlaps ranking peers.","url":"/audit/topical-content/161-low-information-gain-vs-competitors","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No first-hand experience / unique POV","description":"Generic content lacking the ‘Experience’ of E-E-A-T.","url":"/audit/topical-content/162-no-first-hand-experience-unique-pov","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"AI-generated boilerplate with no insight","description":"Mass, low-value generated text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/163-ai-generated-boilerplate-with-no-insight","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal duplicate content","description":"Same text across multiple pages.","url":"/audit/topical-content/164-internal-duplicate-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Near-duplicate / spun variants","description":"Lightly-reworded copies.","url":"/audit/topical-content/165-near-duplicate-spun-variants","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"External duplicate content","description":"Content copied from elsewhere.","url":"/audit/topical-content/166-external-duplicate-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Keyword stuffing / over-optimisation","description":"Unnatural keyword repetition.","url":"/audit/topical-content/167-keyword-stuffing-over-optimisation","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Content not matching search intent","description":"Page doesn’t satisfy the query behind it.","url":"/audit/topical-content/168-content-not-matching-search-intent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Outdated content","description":"Stale facts/dates.","url":"/audit/topical-content/169-outdated-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No clear answer to the page’s question","description":"Page never directly answers its implied query.","url":"/audit/topical-content/170-no-clear-answer-to-the-page-s-question","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Passages not self-contained","description":"Claims depend on surrounding context to make sense.","url":"/audit/topical-content/171-passages-not-self-contained","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Answer buried (lead doesn’t answer)","description":"The point comes late.","url":"/audit/topical-content/172-answer-buried-lead-doesn-t-answer","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Padded content","description":"Length for length’s sake.","url":"/audit/topical-content/173-padded-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Low readability for audience","description":"Too dense/complex for readers.","url":"/audit/topical-content/174-low-readability-for-audience","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Grammar/spelling errors","description":"Frequent errors.","url":"/audit/topical-content/175-grammar-spelling-errors","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Poor auto-translated content","description":"Machine translation without review.","url":"/audit/topical-content/176-poor-auto-translated-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Doorway pages","description":"Near-identical pages targeting locations/keywords.","url":"/audit/topical-content/177-doorway-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Very low content-to-boilerplate ratio","description":"Mostly nav/ads/footer, little main content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/178-very-low-content-to-boilerplate-ratio","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Important facts only in images","description":"Key info embedded in graphics, not text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/179-important-facts-only-in-images","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No publish/update date shown","description":"No visible dating on time-sensitive content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/180-no-publish-update-date-shown","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Tables/lists vs prose mismatch","description":"Format doesn’t fit the content shape.","url":"/audit/topical-content/181-tables-lists-vs-prose-mismatch","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive ads/interstitials in main content","description":"Intrusive ads disrupt content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/182-excessive-ads-interstitials-in-main-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Generic anchor text","description":"‘Click here’/‘read more’ anchors.","url":"/audit/topical-content/183-generic-anchor-text","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Broken internal links (404)","description":"Internal links to missing pages.","url":"/audit/topical-content/184-broken-internal-links-404","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal links to redirects","description":"Links point to redirecting URLs.","url":"/audit/topical-content/185-internal-links-to-redirects","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Key pages with few internal links","description":"Important pages weakly linked.","url":"/audit/topical-content/186-key-pages-with-few-internal-links","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No contextual links between related pages","description":"Topically-related pages aren’t linked.","url":"/audit/topical-content/187-no-contextual-links-between-related-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Weak topic-cluster structure","description":"No hub-and-spoke organisation.","url":"/audit/topical-content/188-weak-topic-cluster-structure","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive links on a page","description":"Hundreds of links dilute equity.","url":"/audit/topical-content/189-excessive-links-on-a-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal nofollow on equity links","description":"nofollow on links that should pass signal.","url":"/audit/topical-content/190-internal-nofollow-on-equity-links","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Links only in JS-rendered nav","description":"Primary navigation absent from raw HTML.","url":"/audit/topical-content/191-links-only-in-js-rendered-nav","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Deep pages not linked from authority pages","description":"Strong pages don’t link down to deep ones.","url":"/audit/topical-content/192-deep-pages-not-linked-from-authority-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No breadcrumb navigation","description":"No breadcrumb trail.","url":"/audit/topical-content/193-no-breadcrumb-navigation","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Identical anchor text to a page everywhere","description":"No anchor variation.","url":"/audit/topical-content/194-identical-anchor-text-to-a-page-everywhere","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing alt attribute","description":"Images lack alt text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/195-missing-alt-attribute","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Empty alt on meaningful image","description":"alt=”” on a content image.","url":"/audit/topical-content/196-empty-alt-on-meaningful-image","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Keyword-stuffed/filename alt","description":"alt is keywords or a filename.","url":"/audit/topical-content/197-keyword-stuffed-filename-alt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Non-descriptive alt","description":"Vague alt.","url":"/audit/topical-content/198-non-descriptive-alt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Decorative images without empty alt","description":"Decorative images with verbose alt.","url":"/audit/topical-content/199-decorative-images-without-empty-alt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Oversized image files","description":"Heavy images.","url":"/audit/topical-content/200-oversized-image-files","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing image dimensions","description":"No width/height.","url":"/audit/topical-content/201-missing-image-dimensions","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Images not in image sitemap","description":"No image sitemap coverage.","url":"/audit/topical-content/202-images-not-in-image-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Broken image src","description":"Images fail to load.","url":"/audit/topical-content/203-broken-image-src","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Images blocked by robots.txt","description":"Image paths disallowed.","url":"/audit/topical-content/204-images-blocked-by-robots-txt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Non-descriptive filename","description":"image1234.jpg.","url":"/audit/topical-content/205-non-descriptive-filename","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing responsive srcset","description":"No responsive image sources.","url":"/audit/topical-content/206-missing-responsive-srcset","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Text embedded in images","description":"Important text baked into images.","url":"/audit/topical-content/207-text-embedded-in-images","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Video without VideoObject schema","description":"No video structured data.","url":"/audit/topical-content/208-video-without-videoobject-schema","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Video without transcript/captions","description":"Video content has no text equivalent.","url":"/audit/topical-content/209-video-without-transcript-captions","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Video not in video sitemap","description":"No video sitemap.","url":"/audit/topical-content/210-video-not-in-video-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Embedded video, no surrounding text","description":"Video with no descriptive context.","url":"/audit/topical-content/211-embedded-video-no-surrounding-text","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Audio/podcast without transcript","description":"Audio content has no text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/212-audio-podcast-without-transcript","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Key info only in video","description":"Essential information solely in video.","url":"/audit/topical-content/213-key-info-only-in-video","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No named author","description":"Content has no author attribution.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/214-no-named-author","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Author has no bio/credentials","description":"No expertise shown for the author.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/215-author-has-no-bio-credentials","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No author Person schema","description":"Author not marked up.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/216-no-author-person-schema","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Author not linked to consistent profile","description":"No stable author entity across the web.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/217-author-not-linked-to-consistent-profile","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No expertise signals on YMYL","description":"Money/health content without expert backing.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/218-no-expertise-signals-on-ymyl","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No first-hand experience evident","description":"Content shows no lived experience.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/219-no-first-hand-experience-evident","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Claims without sources","description":"Assertions lack citations.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/220-claims-without-sources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Citations to low-quality sources","description":"Sources are unreliable.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/221-citations-to-low-quality-sources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Factual inaccuracies","description":"Incorrect/outdated facts.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/222-factual-inaccuracies","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No ‘last reviewed/updated’ on time-sensitive content","description":"No review date where currency matters.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/223-no-last-reviewed-updated-on-time-sensitive-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Anonymous content where authority matters","description":"No accountable author on important topics.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/224-anonymous-content-where-authority-matters","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No About page","description":"Unclear who runs the site.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/225-no-about-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No contact information","description":"No way to reach the organisation.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/226-no-contact-information","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No company/address details (YMYL/commerce)","description":"No business identity/address.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/227-no-company-address-details-ymyl-commerce","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing privacy policy/terms","description":"No legal/policy pages.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/228-missing-privacy-policy-terms","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No editorial/sourcing policy","description":"No stated standards.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/229-no-editorial-sourcing-policy","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive/deceptive ads","description":"Ads dominate or deceive.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/230-excessive-deceptive-ads","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No HTTPS (trust)","description":"Insecure connection.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/231-no-https-trust","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unverifiable reviews/testimonials","description":"Claims with no basis.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/232-unverifiable-reviews-testimonials","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Misleading/clickbait titles vs content","description":"Title oversells vs content.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/233-misleading-clickbait-titles-vs-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No trust badges/affiliations (commerce)","description":"No credibility markers where expected.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/234-no-trust-badges-affiliations-commerce","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Inconsistent NAP across the site","description":"Name/address/phone vary.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/235-inconsistent-nap-across-the-site","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Invalid JSON-LD syntax","description":"Malformed JSON-LD.","url":"/audit/authority-network/236-invalid-json-ld-syntax","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unparseable / bad escaping","description":"Encoding/escaping breaks the JSON.","url":"/audit/authority-network/237-unparseable-bad-escaping","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing required properties","description":"Required fields absent for the type.","url":"/audit/authority-network/238-missing-required-properties","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing recommended properties","description":"Recommended fields absent.","url":"/audit/authority-network/239-missing-recommended-properties","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Wrong @type","description":"Type doesn’t match content.","url":"/audit/authority-network/240-wrong-type","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Markup for invisible content","description":"Structured data describes content not on the page.","url":"/audit/authority-network/241-markup-for-invisible-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Structured data on noindex page","description":"Markup on excluded pages.","url":"/audit/authority-network/242-structured-data-on-noindex-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Inconsistent vocabularies","description":"Mixing schema.org with others inconsistently.","url":"/audit/authority-network/243-inconsistent-vocabularies","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Microdata/RDFa conflicting with JSON-LD","description":"Multiple markup formats disagree.","url":"/audit/authority-network/244-microdata-rdfa-conflicting-with-json-ld","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unstable/duplicate @id","description":"Entity @id not stable/unique.","url":"/audit/authority-network/245-unstable-duplicate-id","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Deprecated types/properties","description":"Obsolete schema in use.","url":"/audit/authority-network/246-deprecated-types-properties","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Schema stuffing","description":"Irrelevant types added to chase features.","url":"/audit/authority-network/247-schema-stuffing","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Conflicting duplicate entities","description":"Multiple same-type entities clash.","url":"/audit/authority-network/248-conflicting-duplicate-entities","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Organization schema","description":"Site lacks Organization markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/249-no-organization-schema","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No WebSite schema/SearchAction","description":"No site-level WebSite markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/250-no-website-schema-searchaction","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Article markup on editorial","description":"Articles lack Article/BlogPosting.","url":"/audit/authority-network/251-no-article-markup-on-editorial","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Article missing author/date/headline","description":"Required Article fields absent.","url":"/audit/authority-network/252-article-missing-author-date-headline","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Product missing price/availability/currency","description":"Core Offer fields absent.","url":"/audit/authority-network/253-product-missing-price-availability-currency","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Product missing/invalid review/rating","description":"Review markup absent or wrong.","url":"/audit/authority-network/254-product-missing-invalid-review-rating","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Offer missing priceValidUntil","description":"No price validity date.","url":"/audit/authority-network/255-offer-missing-pricevaliduntil","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing BreadcrumbList","description":"No breadcrumb markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/256-missing-breadcrumblist","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"FAQ/QA markup misused","description":"FAQ markup without genuine Q&A.","url":"/audit/authority-network/257-faq-qa-markup-misused","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No LocalBusiness for a local business","description":"Local entity not marked up.","url":"/audit/authority-network/258-no-localbusiness-for-a-local-business","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"LocalBusiness missing geo/hours/address","description":"Incomplete local fields.","url":"/audit/authority-network/259-localbusiness-missing-geo-hours-address","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Event/Recipe/HowTo/VideoObject absent","description":"Applicable types not used.","url":"/audit/authority-network/260-event-recipe-howto-videoobject-absent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Self-serving/fake review markup","description":"Manufactured ratings.","url":"/audit/authority-network/261-self-serving-fake-review-markup","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"sameAs missing from Org/Person","description":"No links to authoritative profiles.","url":"/audit/authority-network/262-sameas-missing-from-org-person","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"sameAs to wrong/dead/third-party profiles","description":"sameAs points to incorrect entities.","url":"/audit/authority-network/263-sameas-to-wrong-dead-third-party-profiles","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Brand has no resolvable entity","description":"Not present in the Knowledge Graph.","url":"/audit/authority-network/264-brand-has-no-resolvable-entity","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Inconsistent entity identity","description":"Name/details vary across the site.","url":"/audit/authority-network/265-inconsistent-entity-identity","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No sameAs to authoritative profiles","description":"No corroborating external links.","url":"/audit/authority-network/266-no-sameas-to-authoritative-profiles","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Author entity not corroborated externally","description":"Author exists only on-site.","url":"/audit/authority-network/267-author-entity-not-corroborated-externally","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Entity attributes conflict across sources","description":"Founding/location differ between sources.","url":"/audit/authority-network/268-entity-attributes-conflict-across-sources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Wikidata/Wikipedia where notable","description":"Eligible entity absent from key graphs.","url":"/audit/authority-network/269-no-wikidata-wikipedia-where-notable","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Conflicting entity data across the web","description":"Mismatched details externally.","url":"/audit/authority-network/270-conflicting-entity-data-across-the-web","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Fabricated/unverifiable identifiers in markup","description":"Invented LEI/DUNS/ORCID etc.","url":"/audit/authority-network/271-fabricated-unverifiable-identifiers-in-markup","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Google Business Profile (local)","description":"No GBP for a local business.","url":"/audit/authority-network/272-no-google-business-profile-local","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"NAP inconsistency vs GBP","description":"Site and profile disagree.","url":"/audit/authority-network/273-nap-inconsistency-vs-gbp","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Product feed errors / disapprovals","description":"Merchant feed issues.","url":"/audit/authority-network/274-product-feed-errors-disapprovals","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing price/availability/GTIN","description":"Incomplete product identity.","url":"/audit/authority-network/275-missing-price-availability-gtin","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Out-of-stock products prominent","description":"Stale stock prominently linked.","url":"/audit/authority-network/276-out-of-stock-products-prominent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No returns/shipping info","description":"Missing commerce detail.","url":"/audit/authority-network/277-no-returns-shipping-info","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Currency/locale mismatch","description":"Wrong currency/locale in markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/278-currency-locale-mismatch","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Duplicate product pages (variants)","description":"Variants as separate near-dupes.","url":"/audit/authority-network/279-duplicate-product-pages-variants","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No structured review data on products","description":"Missing review markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/280-no-structured-review-data-on-products","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Low referring-domain authority vs competitors","description":"Weak backlink authority.","url":"/audit/authority-network/281-low-referring-domain-authority-vs-competitors","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Toxic/spammy backlink profile","description":"Manipulative inbound links.","url":"/audit/authority-network/282-toxic-spammy-backlink-profile","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unnatural link velocity","description":"Sudden manipulative link spikes.","url":"/audit/authority-network/283-unnatural-link-velocity","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Brand rarely co-mentioned with its topic","description":"Weak brand-topic association across the web.","url":"/audit/authority-network/284-brand-rarely-co-mentioned-with-its-topic","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Lost high-value backlinks","description":"Valuable links now 404 on your side.","url":"/audit/authority-network/285-lost-high-value-backlinks","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Broken outbound links to authorities","description":"Dead external references.","url":"/audit/authority-network/286-broken-outbound-links-to-authorities","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Outbound links to spam","description":"Links to low-quality/spam 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On-device, open source.","url":"/blog/aeo-schema-scanner","kind":"Article"},{"title":"I built a Chrome extension to see the searches ChatGPT and Claude run for you","description":"The web-search queries and cited sources ChatGPT and Claude use when they browse, captured live and on-device.","url":"/blog/ai-search-query-capture","kind":"Article"},{"title":"AI Search Visibility (AEO / GEO / LLMO)","description":"Being the cited, trusted answer inside AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Perplexity and Gemini, not just ranking a blue link.","url":"/topics#ai-search-visibility","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Technical Foundations","description":"Crawlability, rendering, indexing and structured-data foundations that decide whether you are even in the candidate pool.","url":"/topics#technical-foundations","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Topical Content","description":"Non-commodity, people-first content organised for passage-level extraction, the highest-leverage pillar.","url":"/topics#topical-content","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Trust Signals","description":"The E-E-A-T evidence that a real, accountable expert stands behind the page: authorship, sourcing, credentials.","url":"/topics#trust-signals","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Authority Network","description":"Structured data and entities that let machines understand and connect the page: schema, Knowledge Graph, Wikidata, digital PR.","url":"/topics#authority-network","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Measurement & Attribution","description":"Joining what the team does to what the site does, attribution that survives a CFO conversation.","url":"/topics#measurement-attribution","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Paid Media & Integration","description":"Integrated paid search and paid social that reinforce one entity story rather than running in a silo.","url":"/topics#paid-media","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Guardrails, Agentic & Future-proofing","description":"Retiring the anti-patterns, plus the forward edge: agentic search, AP2 / UCP, AI integration and enablement.","url":"/topics#guardrails-future","kind":"Topic"},{"title":"Audit: Technical Foundations","description":"Can crawlers reach, render and index the page at all.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations","kind":"Audit pillar"},{"title":"Audit: Topical Content","description":"Does the page actually answer the query well enough to be quoted.","url":"/audit/topical-content","kind":"Audit pillar"},{"title":"Audit: Trust Signals","description":"The E-E-A-T evidence that a real, accountable expert stands behind the page.","url":"/audit/trust-signals","kind":"Audit pillar"},{"title":"Audit: Authority Network","description":"Structured data and entities that let machines understand and connect the page.","url":"/audit/authority-network","kind":"Audit pillar"},{"title":"Audit: Guardrails and validity","description":"Cross-cutting hygiene and future-proofing across every pillar.","url":"/audit/guardrails","kind":"Audit pillar"},{"title":"robots.txt missing entirely","description":"No robots.txt file at the domain root.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/1-robots-txt-missing-entirely","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"robots.txt returns 5xx","description":"The robots.txt URL returns a server error (500-range) rather than 200 or 404.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/2-robots-txt-returns-5xx","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"robots.txt Disallow: / blocking whole site","description":"A blanket Disallow rule prevents crawling of the entire site.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/3-robots-txt-disallow-blocking-whole-site","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"robots.txt blocks CSS/JS needed to render","description":"Resource files required to render the page are disallowed.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/4-robots-txt-blocks-css-js-needed-to-render","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"robots.txt blocks a directory with indexable content","description":"A Disallow covers URLs that should be indexed.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/5-robots-txt-blocks-a-directory-with-indexable-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap not declared in robots.txt","description":"No Sitemap: directive in robots.txt.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/6-sitemap-not-declared-in-robots-txt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"robots.txt over 500KB","description":"The file exceeds Google’s size limit; content past the limit is ignored.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/7-robots-txt-over-500kb","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Conflicting Allow/Disallow rules","description":"Overlapping rules give ambiguous instructions.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/8-conflicting-allow-disallow-rules","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Crawl-delay set unreasonably high","description":"A large crawl-delay (which Google ignores, but other crawlers honour) signals confusion and slows non-Google bots.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/9-crawl-delay-set-unreasonably-high","kind":"Audit 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page.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/23-duplicate-meta-robots-with-conflicting-values","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Directive placed in not ","description":"A robots meta tag outside the head.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/24-directive-placed-in-body-not-head","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"4xx client error on internal URL","description":"An internal URL returns 404/410/etc.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/25-4xx-client-error-on-internal-url","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"5xx server error","description":"A server error on a content URL.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/26-5xx-server-error","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Soft 404","description":"A ‘not found’ message served with a 200 status.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/27-soft-404","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal links to 3xx redirects","description":"Internal links point at URLs that redirect.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/28-internal-links-to-3xx-redirects","kind":"Audit 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homepage).","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/34-redirect-to-an-irrelevant-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"HTTP→HTTPS redirect missing","description":"Insecure URLs don’t redirect to secure.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/35-http-https-redirect-missing","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Mixed content (HTTPS page loading HTTP)","description":"Secure page references insecure resources.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/36-mixed-content-https-page-loading-http","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Orphan page","description":"Indexable page with no internal links to it.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/37-orphan-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Page only in sitemap, not internally linked","description":"Discoverable via sitemap but not via links.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/38-page-only-in-sitemap-not-internally-linked","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive crawl depth","description":"Key pages are many clicks from the homepage.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/39-excessive-crawl-depth","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Indexed though blocked by robots","description":"URL blocked in robots.txt yet still indexed (often URL-only).","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/40-indexed-though-blocked-by-robots","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Page indexed that should be excluded","description":"Thin/utility/faceted pages in the index.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/41-page-indexed-that-should-be-excluded","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Non-canonical URL indexed","description":"Google indexed a variant instead of the canonical.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/42-non-canonical-url-indexed","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Parameter URLs creating infinite spaces","description":"Faceted/parameter combinations generate near-infinite URLs.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/43-parameter-urls-creating-infinite-spaces","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Session IDs in URLs","description":"Session identifiers create per-visit duplicate URLs.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/44-session-ids-in-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"URL missing from sitemap","description":"An important URL isn’t listed in any sitemap.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/45-url-missing-from-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing canonical tag","description":"No rel=canonical present.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/46-missing-canonical-tag","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Canonical points to non-200 URL","description":"Canonical targets a 404/redirect/error.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/47-canonical-points-to-non-200-url","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Canonical points to a redirected URL","description":"Canonical → a URL that then redirects.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/48-canonical-points-to-a-redirected-url","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Canonical points to a noindex page","description":"Canonical target is noindexed.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/49-canonical-points-to-a-noindex-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Relative (not absolute) canonical","description":"Canonical uses a relative path.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/50-relative-not-absolute-canonical","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple conflicting canonicals","description":"More than one rel=canonical on a page.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/51-multiple-conflicting-canonicals","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Canonical in ","description":"rel=canonical placed outside the head.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/52-canonical-in-body","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Canonicalised page still in sitemap","description":"A non-canonical URL is listed in the sitemap.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/53-canonicalised-page-still-in-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unintended cross-domain canonical","description":"Canonical points to another domain by mistake.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/54-unintended-cross-domain-canonical","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Canonical chain","description":"A→B→C canonical references.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/55-canonical-chain","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing self-canonical on paginated/param pages","description":"Parameterised pages lack a self or clean canonical.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/56-missing-self-canonical-on-paginated-param-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Protocol mismatch in canonical","description":"HTTP canonical on an HTTPS page or vice versa.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/57-protocol-mismatch-in-canonical","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"HTTP-header canonical conflicting with HTML","description":"rel=canonical in the header disagrees with the HTML tag.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/58-http-header-canonical-conflicting-with-html","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Primary content only present after JS","description":"Main content is absent from raw HTML and only appears after JS executes.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/59-primary-content-only-present-after-js","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Large raw-vs-rendered text gap","description":"Most text appears only after rendering (high hydration dependency).","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/60-large-raw-vs-rendered-text-gap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Client-side routing with no SSR fallback","description":"SPA routes have no server-rendered equivalent.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/61-client-side-routing-with-no-ssr-fallback","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Content requires interaction to load","description":"Content appears only after click/scroll/tab.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/62-content-requires-interaction-to-load","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Lazy-loaded main content not triggered","description":"Lazy-loading hides primary content until scroll.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/63-lazy-loaded-main-content-not-triggered","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Infinite scroll with no paginated equivalent","description":"Content stream only via infinite scroll.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/64-infinite-scroll-with-no-paginated-equivalent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Links as span/div with JS onclick","description":"Navigation uses non-anchor elements with handlers.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/65-links-as-span-div-with-js-onclick","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"href=”#” or javascript:void(0) navigation","description":"Anchors with no real destination.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/66-href-or-javascript-void-0-navigation","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Render-blocking JS delaying paint","description":"Synchronous JS delays content rendering.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/67-render-blocking-js-delaying-paint","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"JS errors halting render","description":"Uncaught errors prevent content from rendering.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/68-js-errors-halting-render","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Blocked JS/CSS preventing render","description":"Critical resources blocked (robots or otherwise).","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/69-blocked-js-css-preventing-render","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Hydration mismatch (server ≠ client DOM)","description":"Server HTML and client DOM diverge after hydration.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/70-hydration-mismatch-server-client-dom","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Content in iframe with no crawlable source","description":"Primary content embedded via iframe.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/71-content-in-iframe-with-no-crawlable-source","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"User-agent-based content differences (cloaking risk)","description":"Different content served to Googlebot vs users.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/72-user-agent-based-content-differences-cloaking-risk","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Different content to crawler vs user (any mechanism)","description":"Any divergence between crawler-served and user-served content.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/73-different-content-to-crawler-vs-user-any-mechanism","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Critical content in unexposed Shadow DOM","description":"Web-component content not surfaced into rendered HTML.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/74-critical-content-in-unexposed-shadow-dom","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Content in canvas/WebGL","description":"Text/info painted into canvas or WebGL.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/75-content-in-canvas-webgl","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Render timeout exceeds budget","description":"Page takes too long to render fully.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/76-render-timeout-exceeds-budget","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"LCP > 2.5s","description":"Largest Contentful Paint slower than the ‘good’ threshold.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/77-lcp-2-5s","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"CLS > 0.1","description":"Cumulative Layout Shift above ‘good’.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/78-cls-0-1","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"INP > 200ms","description":"Interaction to Next Paint above ‘good’.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/79-inp-200ms","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive TTFB","description":"Slow server response.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/80-excessive-ttfb","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive page weight","description":"Multi-MB pages.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/81-excessive-page-weight","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unminified CSS/JS","description":"Uncompressed code assets.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/82-unminified-css-js","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Uncompressed resources","description":"No gzip/brotli.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/83-uncompressed-resources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No browser caching headers","description":"Static assets re-fetched each visit.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/84-no-browser-caching-headers","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Images not next-gen format","description":"JPEG/PNG where WebP/AVIF would be lighter.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/85-images-not-next-gen-format","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Images without width/height","description":"Missing intrinsic dimensions.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/86-images-without-width-height","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Render-blocking resources in head","description":"Synchronous CSS/JS blocks first paint.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/87-render-blocking-resources-in-head","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No lazy-loading on below-fold images","description":"All images load eagerly.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/88-no-lazy-loading-on-below-fold-images","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive DOM size","description":"Thousands of nodes.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/89-excessive-dom-size","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Fonts without font-display: swap","description":"Flash of invisible text during font load.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/90-fonts-without-font-display-swap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No HTTPS","description":"Site served over HTTP.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/91-no-https","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Expired/invalid SSL certificate","description":"Certificate not valid.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/92-expired-invalid-ssl-certificate","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Certificate name mismatch","description":"Cert doesn’t match the served hostname.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/93-certificate-name-mismatch","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"HSTS header missing","description":"No Strict-Transport-Security header.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/94-hsts-header-missing","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Mixed content warnings","description":"Secure page loads insecure subresources.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/95-mixed-content-warnings","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 not enabled","description":"Legacy HTTP/1.1 only.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/96-http-2-or-http-3-not-enabled","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"CSP blocking needed resources","description":"Content-Security-Policy too strict.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/97-csp-blocking-needed-resources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Intermittent status codes","description":"Server returns inconsistent codes under load.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/98-intermittent-status-codes","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No custom 404 page","description":"Default error page.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/99-no-custom-404-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Slow/unreliable hosting","description":"Timeouts under crawl load.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/100-slow-unreliable-hosting","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No XML sitemap","description":"No sitemap provided.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/101-no-xml-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap not submitted to Search Console","description":"Sitemap exists but isn’t registered.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/102-sitemap-not-submitted-to-search-console","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap contains non-200 URLs","description":"Errors/redirects listed in the sitemap.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/103-sitemap-contains-non-200-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap contains redirected URLs","description":"Listed URLs redirect elsewhere.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/104-sitemap-contains-redirected-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap contains noindex/canonicalised URLs","description":"Non-indexable URLs listed.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/105-sitemap-contains-noindex-canonicalised-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap exceeds 50,000 URLs / 50MB","description":"Single sitemap over Google’s limits.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/106-sitemap-exceeds-50-000-urls-50mb","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"lastmod missing or always-now","description":"No accurate last-modified dates.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/107-lastmod-missing-or-always-now","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"lastmod wrong date format","description":"Non-W3C date format.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/108-lastmod-wrong-date-format","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Invalid XML syntax","description":"Malformed sitemap XML.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/109-invalid-xml-syntax","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Sitemap not referenced in robots.txt","description":"No Sitemap: directive.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/110-sitemap-not-referenced-in-robots-txt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Malformed sitemap index","description":"The index file referencing child sitemaps is invalid.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/111-malformed-sitemap-index","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Protocol/slash inconsistency vs canonical","description":"Sitemap URLs differ from canonical form.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/112-protocol-slash-inconsistency-vs-canonical","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing image/video/news sitemap","description":"No specialised sitemap where relevant.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/113-missing-image-video-news-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Orphan URLs only in sitemap","description":"Sitemap-only URLs with no internal links.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/114-orphan-urls-only-in-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"priority/changefreq misused","description":"Reliance on largely-ignored sitemap hints.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/115-priority-changefreq-misused","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Non-descriptive URLs","description":"URLs are IDs/params, not words.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/116-non-descriptive-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessively long URLs","description":"Very long paths.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/117-excessively-long-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Uppercase characters in URLs","description":"Mixed-case paths.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/118-uppercase-characters-in-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Underscores instead of hyphens","description":"word_word instead of word-word.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/119-underscores-instead-of-hyphens","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Trailing-slash inconsistency","description":"/page and /page/ both resolve.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/120-trailing-slash-inconsistency","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple URLs serving identical content","description":"www/non-www, http/https, params all live.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/121-multiple-urls-serving-identical-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Special characters/spaces in URLs","description":"Unencoded or awkward characters.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/122-special-characters-spaces-in-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"hreflang missing on multilingual site","description":"No localisation signals between language versions.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/123-hreflang-missing-on-multilingual-site","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"hreflang not reciprocal","description":"Return tags missing between versions.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/124-hreflang-not-reciprocal","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Invalid hreflang language/region code","description":"Wrong ISO codes.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/125-invalid-hreflang-language-region-code","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"hreflang to non-200/redirected URLs","description":"Annotations point to broken/redirecting URLs.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/126-hreflang-to-non-200-redirected-urls","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"hreflang missing x-default","description":"No fallback for unmatched locales.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/127-hreflang-missing-x-default","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"hreflang conflict across HTML/sitemap/header","description":"Different hreflang sets in different delivery methods.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/128-hreflang-conflict-across-html-sitemap-header","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"html lang mismatch vs content","description":"Declared language differs from actual.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/129-html-lang-mismatch-vs-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing lang attribute on ","description":"No language declared.","url":"/audit/technical-foundations/130-missing-lang-attribute-on-html","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing ","description":"No title element.","url":"/audit/topical-content/131-missing-title","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Empty <title>","description":"Title element present but empty.","url":"/audit/topical-content/132-empty-title","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Duplicate titles across pages","description":"Same title on many pages.","url":"/audit/topical-content/133-duplicate-titles-across-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title too long (truncated)","description":"Title exceeds display width.","url":"/audit/topical-content/134-title-too-long-truncated","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title too short / non-descriptive","description":"One or two generic words.","url":"/audit/topical-content/135-title-too-short-non-descriptive","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple <title> tags","description":"More than one title element.","url":"/audit/topical-content/136-multiple-title-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title doesn’t match content/intent","description":"Title misrepresents the page.","url":"/audit/topical-content/137-title-doesn-t-match-content-intent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Keyword-stuffed title","description":"Repeated/over-optimised keywords.","url":"/audit/topical-content/138-keyword-stuffed-title","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Title is just brand on a content page","description":"Brand-only title on an article.","url":"/audit/topical-content/139-title-is-just-brand-on-a-content-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing meta description","description":"No meta description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/140-missing-meta-description","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Duplicate meta descriptions","description":"Same description site-wide.","url":"/audit/topical-content/141-duplicate-meta-descriptions","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta description too long","description":"Description truncated in SERP.","url":"/audit/topical-content/142-meta-description-too-long","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta description too short","description":"Minimal description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/143-meta-description-too-short","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta description doesn’t summarise page","description":"Off-topic description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/144-meta-description-doesn-t-summarise-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple meta description tags","description":"More than one description.","url":"/audit/topical-content/145-multiple-meta-description-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Meta keywords tag present","description":"Obsolete keywords meta in use.","url":"/audit/topical-content/146-meta-keywords-tag-present","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing <meta charset>","description":"No charset declaration.","url":"/audit/topical-content/147-missing-meta-charset","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing viewport meta","description":"No responsive viewport.","url":"/audit/topical-content/148-missing-viewport-meta","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Invalid elements closing <head> early","description":"Stray tags terminate the head prematurely.","url":"/audit/topical-content/149-invalid-elements-closing-head-early","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing <h1>","description":"No top-level heading.","url":"/audit/topical-content/150-missing-h1","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Multiple <h1> tags","description":"Several h1s.","url":"/audit/topical-content/151-multiple-h1-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Empty heading tags","description":"Headings with no text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/152-empty-heading-tags","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Skipped heading levels","description":"h1→h3 with no h2.","url":"/audit/topical-content/153-skipped-heading-levels","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Vague headings","description":"Headings that don’t describe their section.","url":"/audit/topical-content/154-vague-headings","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Headings used for styling","description":"Heading tags chosen for size, not structure.","url":"/audit/topical-content/155-headings-used-for-styling","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Heading text duplicated across pages","description":"Same headings everywhere.","url":"/audit/topical-content/156-heading-text-duplicated-across-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Question heading with no direct answer","description":"A question heading not followed by a concise answer.","url":"/audit/topical-content/157-question-heading-with-no-direct-answer","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Incoherent heading outline","description":"Headings don’t form a logical outline.","url":"/audit/topical-content/158-incoherent-heading-outline","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Thin content","description":"Very little substantive content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/159-thin-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Commodity content","description":"Restates common knowledge with no unique angle.","url":"/audit/topical-content/160-commodity-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Low information gain vs competitors","description":"Content largely overlaps ranking peers.","url":"/audit/topical-content/161-low-information-gain-vs-competitors","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No first-hand experience / unique POV","description":"Generic content lacking the ‘Experience’ of E-E-A-T.","url":"/audit/topical-content/162-no-first-hand-experience-unique-pov","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"AI-generated boilerplate with no insight","description":"Mass, low-value generated text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/163-ai-generated-boilerplate-with-no-insight","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal duplicate content","description":"Same text across multiple pages.","url":"/audit/topical-content/164-internal-duplicate-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Near-duplicate / spun variants","description":"Lightly-reworded copies.","url":"/audit/topical-content/165-near-duplicate-spun-variants","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"External duplicate content","description":"Content copied from elsewhere.","url":"/audit/topical-content/166-external-duplicate-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Keyword stuffing / over-optimisation","description":"Unnatural keyword repetition.","url":"/audit/topical-content/167-keyword-stuffing-over-optimisation","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Content not matching search intent","description":"Page doesn’t satisfy the query behind it.","url":"/audit/topical-content/168-content-not-matching-search-intent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Outdated content","description":"Stale facts/dates.","url":"/audit/topical-content/169-outdated-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No clear answer to the page’s question","description":"Page never directly answers its implied query.","url":"/audit/topical-content/170-no-clear-answer-to-the-page-s-question","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Passages not self-contained","description":"Claims depend on surrounding context to make sense.","url":"/audit/topical-content/171-passages-not-self-contained","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Answer buried (lead doesn’t answer)","description":"The point comes late.","url":"/audit/topical-content/172-answer-buried-lead-doesn-t-answer","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Padded content","description":"Length for length’s sake.","url":"/audit/topical-content/173-padded-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Low readability for audience","description":"Too dense/complex for readers.","url":"/audit/topical-content/174-low-readability-for-audience","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Grammar/spelling errors","description":"Frequent errors.","url":"/audit/topical-content/175-grammar-spelling-errors","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Poor auto-translated content","description":"Machine translation without review.","url":"/audit/topical-content/176-poor-auto-translated-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Doorway pages","description":"Near-identical pages targeting locations/keywords.","url":"/audit/topical-content/177-doorway-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Very low content-to-boilerplate ratio","description":"Mostly nav/ads/footer, little main content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/178-very-low-content-to-boilerplate-ratio","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Important facts only in images","description":"Key info embedded in graphics, not text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/179-important-facts-only-in-images","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No publish/update date shown","description":"No visible dating on time-sensitive content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/180-no-publish-update-date-shown","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Tables/lists vs prose mismatch","description":"Format doesn’t fit the content shape.","url":"/audit/topical-content/181-tables-lists-vs-prose-mismatch","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive ads/interstitials in main content","description":"Intrusive ads disrupt content.","url":"/audit/topical-content/182-excessive-ads-interstitials-in-main-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Generic anchor text","description":"‘Click here’/‘read more’ anchors.","url":"/audit/topical-content/183-generic-anchor-text","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Broken internal links (404)","description":"Internal links to missing pages.","url":"/audit/topical-content/184-broken-internal-links-404","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal links to redirects","description":"Links point to redirecting URLs.","url":"/audit/topical-content/185-internal-links-to-redirects","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Key pages with few internal links","description":"Important pages weakly linked.","url":"/audit/topical-content/186-key-pages-with-few-internal-links","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No contextual links between related pages","description":"Topically-related pages aren’t linked.","url":"/audit/topical-content/187-no-contextual-links-between-related-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Weak topic-cluster structure","description":"No hub-and-spoke organisation.","url":"/audit/topical-content/188-weak-topic-cluster-structure","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive links on a page","description":"Hundreds of links dilute equity.","url":"/audit/topical-content/189-excessive-links-on-a-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Internal nofollow on equity links","description":"nofollow on links that should pass signal.","url":"/audit/topical-content/190-internal-nofollow-on-equity-links","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Links only in JS-rendered nav","description":"Primary navigation absent from raw HTML.","url":"/audit/topical-content/191-links-only-in-js-rendered-nav","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Deep pages not linked from authority pages","description":"Strong pages don’t link down to deep ones.","url":"/audit/topical-content/192-deep-pages-not-linked-from-authority-pages","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No breadcrumb navigation","description":"No breadcrumb trail.","url":"/audit/topical-content/193-no-breadcrumb-navigation","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Identical anchor text to a page everywhere","description":"No anchor variation.","url":"/audit/topical-content/194-identical-anchor-text-to-a-page-everywhere","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing alt attribute","description":"Images lack alt text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/195-missing-alt-attribute","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Empty alt on meaningful image","description":"alt=”” on a content image.","url":"/audit/topical-content/196-empty-alt-on-meaningful-image","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Keyword-stuffed/filename alt","description":"alt is keywords or a filename.","url":"/audit/topical-content/197-keyword-stuffed-filename-alt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Non-descriptive alt","description":"Vague alt.","url":"/audit/topical-content/198-non-descriptive-alt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Decorative images without empty alt","description":"Decorative images with verbose alt.","url":"/audit/topical-content/199-decorative-images-without-empty-alt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Oversized image files","description":"Heavy images.","url":"/audit/topical-content/200-oversized-image-files","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing image dimensions","description":"No width/height.","url":"/audit/topical-content/201-missing-image-dimensions","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Images not in image sitemap","description":"No image sitemap coverage.","url":"/audit/topical-content/202-images-not-in-image-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Broken image src","description":"Images fail to load.","url":"/audit/topical-content/203-broken-image-src","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Images blocked by robots.txt","description":"Image paths disallowed.","url":"/audit/topical-content/204-images-blocked-by-robots-txt","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Non-descriptive filename","description":"image1234.jpg.","url":"/audit/topical-content/205-non-descriptive-filename","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing responsive srcset","description":"No responsive image sources.","url":"/audit/topical-content/206-missing-responsive-srcset","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Text embedded in images","description":"Important text baked into images.","url":"/audit/topical-content/207-text-embedded-in-images","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Video without VideoObject schema","description":"No video structured data.","url":"/audit/topical-content/208-video-without-videoobject-schema","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Video without transcript/captions","description":"Video content has no text equivalent.","url":"/audit/topical-content/209-video-without-transcript-captions","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Video not in video sitemap","description":"No video sitemap.","url":"/audit/topical-content/210-video-not-in-video-sitemap","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Embedded video, no surrounding text","description":"Video with no descriptive context.","url":"/audit/topical-content/211-embedded-video-no-surrounding-text","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Audio/podcast without transcript","description":"Audio content has no text.","url":"/audit/topical-content/212-audio-podcast-without-transcript","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Key info only in video","description":"Essential information solely in video.","url":"/audit/topical-content/213-key-info-only-in-video","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No named author","description":"Content has no author attribution.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/214-no-named-author","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Author has no bio/credentials","description":"No expertise shown for the author.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/215-author-has-no-bio-credentials","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No author Person schema","description":"Author not marked up.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/216-no-author-person-schema","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Author not linked to consistent profile","description":"No stable author entity across the web.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/217-author-not-linked-to-consistent-profile","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No expertise signals on YMYL","description":"Money/health content without expert backing.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/218-no-expertise-signals-on-ymyl","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No first-hand experience evident","description":"Content shows no lived experience.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/219-no-first-hand-experience-evident","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Claims without sources","description":"Assertions lack citations.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/220-claims-without-sources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Citations to low-quality sources","description":"Sources are unreliable.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/221-citations-to-low-quality-sources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Factual inaccuracies","description":"Incorrect/outdated facts.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/222-factual-inaccuracies","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No ‘last reviewed/updated’ on time-sensitive content","description":"No review date where currency matters.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/223-no-last-reviewed-updated-on-time-sensitive-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Anonymous content where authority matters","description":"No accountable author on important topics.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/224-anonymous-content-where-authority-matters","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No About page","description":"Unclear who runs the site.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/225-no-about-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No contact information","description":"No way to reach the organisation.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/226-no-contact-information","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No company/address details (YMYL/commerce)","description":"No business identity/address.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/227-no-company-address-details-ymyl-commerce","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing privacy policy/terms","description":"No legal/policy pages.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/228-missing-privacy-policy-terms","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No editorial/sourcing policy","description":"No stated standards.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/229-no-editorial-sourcing-policy","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Excessive/deceptive ads","description":"Ads dominate or deceive.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/230-excessive-deceptive-ads","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No HTTPS (trust)","description":"Insecure connection.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/231-no-https-trust","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unverifiable reviews/testimonials","description":"Claims with no basis.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/232-unverifiable-reviews-testimonials","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Misleading/clickbait titles vs content","description":"Title oversells vs content.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/233-misleading-clickbait-titles-vs-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No trust badges/affiliations (commerce)","description":"No credibility markers where expected.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/234-no-trust-badges-affiliations-commerce","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Inconsistent NAP across the site","description":"Name/address/phone vary.","url":"/audit/trust-signals/235-inconsistent-nap-across-the-site","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Invalid JSON-LD syntax","description":"Malformed JSON-LD.","url":"/audit/authority-network/236-invalid-json-ld-syntax","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unparseable / bad escaping","description":"Encoding/escaping breaks the JSON.","url":"/audit/authority-network/237-unparseable-bad-escaping","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing required properties","description":"Required fields absent for the type.","url":"/audit/authority-network/238-missing-required-properties","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing recommended properties","description":"Recommended fields absent.","url":"/audit/authority-network/239-missing-recommended-properties","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Wrong @type","description":"Type doesn’t match content.","url":"/audit/authority-network/240-wrong-type","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Markup for invisible content","description":"Structured data describes content not on the page.","url":"/audit/authority-network/241-markup-for-invisible-content","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Structured data on noindex page","description":"Markup on excluded pages.","url":"/audit/authority-network/242-structured-data-on-noindex-page","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Inconsistent vocabularies","description":"Mixing schema.org with others inconsistently.","url":"/audit/authority-network/243-inconsistent-vocabularies","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Microdata/RDFa conflicting with JSON-LD","description":"Multiple markup formats disagree.","url":"/audit/authority-network/244-microdata-rdfa-conflicting-with-json-ld","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Unstable/duplicate @id","description":"Entity @id not stable/unique.","url":"/audit/authority-network/245-unstable-duplicate-id","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Deprecated types/properties","description":"Obsolete schema in use.","url":"/audit/authority-network/246-deprecated-types-properties","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Schema stuffing","description":"Irrelevant types added to chase features.","url":"/audit/authority-network/247-schema-stuffing","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Conflicting duplicate entities","description":"Multiple same-type entities clash.","url":"/audit/authority-network/248-conflicting-duplicate-entities","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Organization schema","description":"Site lacks Organization markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/249-no-organization-schema","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No WebSite schema/SearchAction","description":"No site-level WebSite markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/250-no-website-schema-searchaction","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Article markup on editorial","description":"Articles lack Article/BlogPosting.","url":"/audit/authority-network/251-no-article-markup-on-editorial","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Article missing author/date/headline","description":"Required Article fields absent.","url":"/audit/authority-network/252-article-missing-author-date-headline","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Product missing price/availability/currency","description":"Core Offer fields absent.","url":"/audit/authority-network/253-product-missing-price-availability-currency","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Product missing/invalid review/rating","description":"Review markup absent or wrong.","url":"/audit/authority-network/254-product-missing-invalid-review-rating","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Offer missing priceValidUntil","description":"No price validity date.","url":"/audit/authority-network/255-offer-missing-pricevaliduntil","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing BreadcrumbList","description":"No breadcrumb markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/256-missing-breadcrumblist","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"FAQ/QA markup misused","description":"FAQ markup without genuine Q&A.","url":"/audit/authority-network/257-faq-qa-markup-misused","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No LocalBusiness for a local business","description":"Local entity not marked up.","url":"/audit/authority-network/258-no-localbusiness-for-a-local-business","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"LocalBusiness missing geo/hours/address","description":"Incomplete local fields.","url":"/audit/authority-network/259-localbusiness-missing-geo-hours-address","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Event/Recipe/HowTo/VideoObject absent","description":"Applicable types not used.","url":"/audit/authority-network/260-event-recipe-howto-videoobject-absent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Self-serving/fake review markup","description":"Manufactured ratings.","url":"/audit/authority-network/261-self-serving-fake-review-markup","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"sameAs missing from Org/Person","description":"No links to authoritative profiles.","url":"/audit/authority-network/262-sameas-missing-from-org-person","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"sameAs to wrong/dead/third-party profiles","description":"sameAs points to incorrect entities.","url":"/audit/authority-network/263-sameas-to-wrong-dead-third-party-profiles","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Brand has no resolvable entity","description":"Not present in the Knowledge Graph.","url":"/audit/authority-network/264-brand-has-no-resolvable-entity","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Inconsistent entity identity","description":"Name/details vary across the site.","url":"/audit/authority-network/265-inconsistent-entity-identity","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No sameAs to authoritative profiles","description":"No corroborating external links.","url":"/audit/authority-network/266-no-sameas-to-authoritative-profiles","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Author entity not corroborated externally","description":"Author exists only on-site.","url":"/audit/authority-network/267-author-entity-not-corroborated-externally","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Entity attributes conflict across sources","description":"Founding/location differ between sources.","url":"/audit/authority-network/268-entity-attributes-conflict-across-sources","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Wikidata/Wikipedia where notable","description":"Eligible entity absent from key graphs.","url":"/audit/authority-network/269-no-wikidata-wikipedia-where-notable","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Conflicting entity data across the web","description":"Mismatched details externally.","url":"/audit/authority-network/270-conflicting-entity-data-across-the-web","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Fabricated/unverifiable identifiers in markup","description":"Invented LEI/DUNS/ORCID etc.","url":"/audit/authority-network/271-fabricated-unverifiable-identifiers-in-markup","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No Google Business Profile (local)","description":"No GBP for a local business.","url":"/audit/authority-network/272-no-google-business-profile-local","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"NAP inconsistency vs GBP","description":"Site and profile disagree.","url":"/audit/authority-network/273-nap-inconsistency-vs-gbp","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Product feed errors / disapprovals","description":"Merchant feed issues.","url":"/audit/authority-network/274-product-feed-errors-disapprovals","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Missing price/availability/GTIN","description":"Incomplete product identity.","url":"/audit/authority-network/275-missing-price-availability-gtin","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Out-of-stock products prominent","description":"Stale stock prominently linked.","url":"/audit/authority-network/276-out-of-stock-products-prominent","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"No returns/shipping info","description":"Missing commerce detail.","url":"/audit/authority-network/277-no-returns-shipping-info","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Currency/locale mismatch","description":"Wrong currency/locale in markup.","url":"/audit/authority-network/278-currency-locale-mismatch","kind":"Audit check"},{"title":"Duplicate product pages 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