1.8 URL structure & internationalisationMediumInferred

Uppercase characters in URLs

URLs are case-sensitive after the domain, so /Page and /page can be treated as two different URLs. Mixed case invites accidental duplicates.

What it is

Mixed-case paths.

Why it matters

Case sensitivity can create duplicate URLs.

How to fix it

Use lowercase; redirect variants.

How to find it on your site

  1. Check whether your URLs contain uppercase characters.
  2. Test whether the uppercase and lowercase versions both resolve to 200.
  3. Standardise on lowercase and redirect uppercase variants.
  4. Add a server rule to lowercase incoming paths if needed.

Cross-reference to ranking and citation factors

Case-variant duplicates split signals across what should be one URL. Lowercasing consistently avoids the duplication.

Impact

Low-medium. Inferred.

Evidence

Consistent (lowercase) URLs avoid duplication. Google Search Central, Keep a simple URL structure; Google Search Central, Consolidate duplicate URLs (canonicalization)